Costs vary by breeder reputation, pedigree, region, and screening practices.
Recurring costs include vet care, vaccinations, insurance, food, training, and preventative health management.
Unexpected medical events and long-term care are the biggest financial variables for most owners.
They can be, depending on vet care, insurance, diet, and training needs.
Pedigree, breeder quality, demand, and health screening practices.
Many owners use insurance to reduce risk from unexpected veterinary costs.